القضاء العرفي في مجال الأحوال الشخصية في غامبيا- دراسة استقرائية تحليلية
Title Abstract Research project title: Customary judiciary in the field of personal status in the Gambia. Researcher’s name: Muhammad Jawneh The research consists of an introduction, a preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and an appendix. The Preface: It included a definition of the terms: judiciary, custom: literally and conventionally, customary judiciary, personal status, and a brief overview of the Gambia. The first chapter: It includes the emergence of customary judiciary in the Gambia, the differences between related terms, the structure of customary judiciary as an integrated entity, mentioning its related organizations, and its advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter: It includes a number of judicial and applied (Islamic) Jurisprudence rulings, which contained legal (sharīʿah) violations, and a legal Islamic study through presenting them and clarifying the Islamic ruling on them. The third chapter: It includes a presentation of a number of customary rules that affected the rulings of customary judges and an indication of what is meant by them, then studying them according to the Islamic view. The researcher concluded with a number of findings and recommendations, the most important of which are: 1. The customary judiciary is one of the important judicial bodies in the judiciary in The Gambia. However, it needs rules and regulations carefully prepared in accordance with the Sharia in the field of personal status that make it safe and free from negative malpractices. 2. The need to follow Sharia in all judicial rulings in the field of personal status, based on the provisions of the Gambian Constitution, which gave authority to Sharia courts in matters of personal status. 3. Refining and revising habits so that they are valid and befit a sound mind and the Islamic perspective. 4. Supporting the customary judicial authority by establishing centers for training customary judges. Keywords: custom – customary – judicial - personal status – Gambia.
الباحث الرئيس محمد جوني
التخصص: القضاء والسياسة الشرعية
المستخلص: عنوان المشروع البحثي: القضاء العرفي في مجال الأحوال الشخصية في غامبيا.
المشروع البحثي: تكون من مقدمة، وتمهيد، وثلاثة فصول، وخاتمة، وملحق.
التمهيد: اشتمل على تعريف القضاء، والعرف لغة واصطلاحا، والمراد بالقضاء العرفي، والأحوال الشخصية، ونبذة مختصرة عن غامبيا.
الفصل الأول: اشتمل على نشأة القضاء العرفي في غامبيا، والفروق بين المصطلحات ذات الصلة، وهيكل القضاء العرفي كجهة متكاملة وذكر ما يتعلق به من تنظيمات، وذكر ما له من مميزات وعيوب.
الفصل الثاني: اشتمل على جملة من الأحكام القضائية والفقهية التطبيقية، التي فيها مخالفات شرعية، ودراستها دراسة شرعية بعرضها وبيان حكم الشرع فيها.
الفصل الثالث: اشتمل على عرض جملة من القوا عد العرفية التي أثرت على أحكام القضاة العرفيين وبيان المراد منها، ثم دراستها دراسة شرعية.
وتَوصَّل الباحث إلى نتائج وتوصيات، من أبرزها:
1. يعد القضاء العرفي من الجهات القضائية المهمة في السلك القضائي في غامبيا، لكن يحتاج إلى تنظيمات ولوائح معدة إعدادا محكما بمقتضى الشرع في مجال الأحوال الشخصية تجعله سالما من العوارض السلبية.
2. ضرورة اتباع الشرع في كل الأحكام القضائية في مجال الأحوال الشخصية، بناء على مقتضى الدستور الغامبي حيث أعطى الصلاحية للمحاكم الشرعية فيما يخص مسائل الأحوال الشخصية.
3. تهذيب العادات وتنقيحها حتى تكون صالحة ولائقة بالعقل السليم، وبالشرع الحميد.
4. دعم الجهة القضائية العرفية بإنشاء مراكز لتدريب القضاة العرفيين.
Abstract: Research project title: Customary judiciary in the field of personal status in the Gambia.
The research consists of an introduction, a preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and an appendix.
The Preface: It included a definition of the terms: judiciary, custom: literally and conventionally, customary judiciary, personal status, and a brief overview of the Gambia.
The first chapter: It includes the emergence of customary judiciary in the Gambia, the differences between related terms, the structure of customary judiciary as an integrated entity, mentioning its related organizations, and its advantages and disadvantages.
The second chapter: It includes a number of judicial and applied (Islamic) Jurisprudence rulings, which contained legal (sharīʿah) violations, and a legal Islamic study through presenting them and clarifying the Islamic ruling on them.
The third chapter: It includes a presentation of a number of customary rules that affected the rulings of customary judges and an indication of what is meant by them, then studying them according to the Islamic view.
The researcher concluded with a number of findings and recommendations, the most important of which are:
1. The customary judiciary is one of the important judicial bodies in the judiciary in The Gambia. However, it needs rules and regulations carefully prepared in accordance with the Sharia in the field of personal status that make it safe and free from negative malpractices.
2. The need to follow Sharia in all judicial rulings in the field of personal status, based on the provisions of the Gambian Constitution, which gave authority to Sharia courts in matters of personal status.
3. Refining and revising habits so that they are valid and befit a sound mind and the Islamic perspective.
4. Supporting the customary judicial authority by establishing centers for training customary judges.